Scientists Aim to Turn Mars’s CO2 into Fuel and Plastic

Researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) have explored a method to produce power on Mars using thermoelectric generators. Their study reveals that these generators, which work on modest temperature differences, could support CO2 conversion into useful fuels and chemicals.

The study’s findings suggest that harnessing temperature differences in various environments might enable CO2 to be converted into valuable resources. Their research has been published in *Device*.

The scientists are particularly interested in how this technology might function in Mars’ cold environment, where CO2 is highly abundant in the atmosphere.

Dr. Abhishek Soni, a postdoctoral fellow at UBC and lead author of the study, noted that Mars’ extreme environment presents a unique opportunity. He explained that temperature differences could power thermoelectric generators, potentially converting Mars’ CO2 into resources for a future colony.

The research team connected these generators to surfaces at two distinct temperatures. They observed that when there was a temperature difference of at least 40 degrees Celsius, a steady electrical current could be produced. This current was sufficient to operate an electrolyzer, which converts CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO).

Applying this to Mars colonization, they envision a setup that leverages Mars’ unique atmosphere, composed of 95% carbon dioxide, and temperature ranges from 20°C to -153°C. By constructing a biodome and maintaining it at room temperature, thermoelectric generators on its exterior could exploit the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures to generate power. This energy could then drive the conversion of CO2 into carbon-based products, such as fuels and essential chemicals.

Professor Curtis P. Berlinguette, the principal investigator at UBC, noted the broad possibilities of this approach, describing it as a promising way to create carbon-neutral fuels and materials. He added that the technology might even be used to produce plastics needed for future Mars missions.