Researchers have developed a method to transform cigarette butts into fuel

A team of scientists, including researchers from Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) in Lithuania and the Lithuanian Energy Institute, have discovered an innovative way to reduce the cost of biodiesel production by utilizing cigarette butts. Their research, recently published in the Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, presents a breakthrough in recycling and waste management.

Biodiesel, a renewable and biodegradable fuel source, is derived from various biological elements like edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, and waste restaurant grease. Despite its environmental benefits, the high production costs of biodiesel have limited its widespread adoption. A key to reducing these costs lies in the additive triglyceride triacetin, which enhances biodiesel’s efficiency by lowering air pollution and increasing combustibility. However, conventional production methods for triacetin are environmentally harmful, involving the use of numerous chemicals and generating substantial toxic waste.

The breakthrough from the KTU-led team involves producing triacetin using cigarette butts, a waste product that is both abundant and has a unique structure. Cigarette butts consist of tobacco, paper, and a filter made of cellulose acetate fibers, providing a rich source of raw materials and energy. Additionally, systems for collecting cigarette waste are already widely established.

To create triacetin from cigarette butts, the scientists employed a process called pyrolysis, which involves the thermal decomposition of materials at high temperatures. Their experiments revealed that the highest yield of triacetin (43%) was obtained at a temperature of 750°C, resulting in 38 wt percent oil, 25.7 wt percent char, and 36.4 wt percent gas.

The by-products of this process have practical applications as well. The char produced is porous, rich in calcium, and can be used in fertilizers, wastewater treatment, or energy storage. The gas generated can serve energy purposes. The oil, being rich in triacetin, is particularly valuable as it can be used as a biodiesel additive to lower production costs. This innovative approach not only addresses the issue of biodiesel expense but also contributes to waste reduction and recycling efforts.