Increasing Assaults on Red Sea Trade Routes, Yet Challenges in Engaging with Houthi Rebels Persist

Yemeni rebels have increasingly targeted Red Sea shipping, causing disruptions in this crucial maritime trade route. The Huthis, aligned with Iran and part of the “axis of resistance” rejuvenated by Israel’s conflict with Hamas, have been using drones and missiles to attack ships linked to Israel in the Bab al-Mandeb strait, a key passage at the southern end of the Red Sea.

These assaults, often utilizing makeshift drones and missiles, have compelled some shipping companies to reroute around southern Africa, bypassing the Red Sea, which typically handles about 12% of global maritime trade.

In response, over 20 countries have joined the U.S.-initiated Operation Prosperity Guardian to safeguard this economically significant region. Following continued attacks by the Huthis, the United States and Britain, along with 12 other nations, recently issued a warning to the rebels of potential consequences if these assaults persist.

Despite these warnings, the Huthis launched their largest attack yet, with 21 missiles and drones that U.S. and British forces intercepted. UK Defence Minister Grant Shapps has strongly urged for these attacks to cease.

Experts, however, point out that military action against the Huthis in Yemen might not be effective. Gerald Feierstein, a former U.S. ambassador to Yemen, suggests that offensive operations in Yemen could be counterproductive, as they might only enhance the Huthis’ reputation and legitimacy in the Arab world.

Feierstein recommends continuing defensive measures to protect international shipping while the Gaza conflict winds down. Arab governments face a dilemma, as opposition to the Huthi attacks could be seen as betrayal of the Palestinian cause.

Saudi Arabia, a key player in the region and engaged in a longstanding conflict with the Huthis, has remained quiet about these recent attacks near its waters. Feierstein notes that Saudi Arabia is likely cautious to avoid jeopardizing peace talks with the Huthis or provoking further attacks on Saudi targets.

While Iran holds significant influence over the Yemeni rebels, Oman also plays a crucial role but is hesitant to pressure the Huthis due to the ongoing Israeli operations in Gaza.

Thomas Juneau from the University of Ottawa warns that large-scale strikes could entangle the U.S. in a new, costly conflict, especially if the Huthis retaliate on a regional scale. The Huthis have previously targeted the United Arab Emirates and launched missiles towards Israel during its conflict with Hamas.

Karim Bitar, a professor at Beirut’s Saint Joseph University, views military intervention as a last resort for Western powers. He believes the U.S. is likely using diplomatic channels, particularly through Oman, to deter further Houthi strikes. Bitar notes the irony that threats to Red Sea navigation and international trade have garnered more international attention than the civilian casualties in Gaza.