On Sunday, August 25th, residents across Britain were urged to remain indoors as a health alert was issued due to the presence of corrosive and acidic gas clouds over the country. The clouds, which were visible on weather maps at 4 a.m. local time, were identified as containing high levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2), released from recent volcanic eruptions in Iceland.
Sulfur dioxide, a gas commonly produced during the combustion of crude oil or coal, is also emitted in large quantities during volcanic eruptions. Exposure to SO2 can lead to a range of health issues, including sore throat, coughing, runny nose, burning eyes, tightness in the chest, and difficulty breathing. Prolonged exposure can exacerbate conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Historically, SO2 emissions from coal combustion were responsible for the infamous London smog of 1952, which resulted in thousands of respiratory-related deaths. When sulfur dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere, it can form acid rain, further posing environmental hazards.
Authorities specifically advised young children and the elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to SO2 exposure, to stay indoors to minimize their risk of inhalation.
The toxic smog reached London after a volcanic eruption occurred on August 22nd in Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula, near Grindavik. This eruption was anticipated due to ongoing seismic activity in the area and pressure changes detected in boreholes.
In response to the eruption, emergency rescue teams were deployed to Reykjanes and Olfus, and thousands of residents in Grindavik and the Blue Lagoon were evacuated. Local authorities advised residents to keep a safe distance from the affected areas.
An international team of scientists has been studying the lava samples and seismic data collected over the last three years of volcanic activity. Their findings indicate that the Reykjanes Peninsula is part of an interconnected magma plumbing system capable of sustaining volcanic activity for extended periods.
Valentin Troll, a professor of petrology at Uppsala University and lead author of the study, stated, “A comparison of these eruptions with historical events provides strong evidence that Iceland must prepare for this volcanic episode to continue for some time, potentially lasting years to decades.”