World’s First 3D-Printed Brain Tissue Functions Like Human Brain, Say Scientists

In a groundbreaking scientific achievement, researchers have successfully developed the world’s first 3D-printed brain tissue that mimics the functionality of natural brain tissue. This innovation marks a significant step forward in the quest for advanced treatments for various neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

This development is particularly beneficial for research focused on these disorders, providing a deeper understanding of brain function.

Su-Chun Zhang, a professor of neuroscience and neurology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison’s Waisman Center, commented to Neuroscience that this breakthrough could revolutionize our understanding of brain cell interactions and brain function in humans. He believes it could transform perspectives in stem cell biology, neuroscience, and the study of neurological and psychiatric disorder development.

The method used in this process involves a novel approach to 3D printing. The researchers utilized a technique that layers materials horizontally, embedding brain cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells within a softer “bio-ink” gel than previously used. This softer gel maintains structural integrity while allowing neurons to intertwine and establish connections, as Zhang further explained.

Yuanwei Yan, a researcher in Zhang’s lab, noted that the tissues remained sufficiently thin, enabling the neurons to easily absorb oxygen and nutrients from the growth media.

One of the key aspects of this tissue is the communication between neurons. They are able to send signals, interact through neurotransmitters, and form intricate networks with supporting cells included in the printed tissue.

Zhang highlighted their success in printing different brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex and the striatum, and observed that these different cell types were still able to interact in a specific and meaningful way.

Experts note that this printing technique offers a level of precision and control over cell types and arrangements that surpasses other methods like brain organoids. This precise control over cell organization and layout provides researchers with the flexibility to advance their studies significantly.

This 3D-printed brain tissue opens up new possibilities for research and represents a major step forward in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorder treatment.