Ancient Saudi Arabia Revealed: Monumental Buildings Discovered, Not Just Barren Lands

During the Neolithic period, the inhabitants of north-western Saudi Arabia have long been shrouded in mystery. Historically, it was believed that this era marked a transition where humans began to control food production, settle in communities, domesticate animals, and practice agriculture.

However, recent findings suggest that the narrative of these people as struggling nomads traversing barren lands needs revision.

New Insights into Neolithic Saudi Arabia
A group of Australian researchers published a study in the journal Levant on monumental structures known as “standing stone circles.” These findings are reshaping our understanding of those who lived in Saudi Arabia between 6,500 and 8,000 years ago.

The evidence reveals insights into their diet, tools, and jewelry, shedding light on how these ancient people developed complex survival strategies over millennia.

Research Methodology
As part of an ongoing project, researchers examined 431 standing stone circles in the AlUla and Khaybar regions of north-western Saudi Arabia. Detailed surveys were conducted on 52 of these structures, and 11 were excavated.

Significant discoveries were made on the Harrat ‘Uwayrid, a volcanic plateau formed over a millennium ago. The findings from these stone circles provide a glimpse into the lives of ancient mobile pastoralist communities.

The researchers uncovered remains of people who occupied these buildings for more than 1,000 years. They utilized a combination of modern and traditional techniques to navigate the practical challenges of working in remote and rugged terrains.

Key Discoveries
Based on the tools and animal remains found, it appears that the ancient inhabitants used animal skins to cover the tops of structures, creating roofs. The researchers also found evidence of stone tool-making, as well as remnants of eating and cooking activities. Lost and broken tools used for processing animal hides were among the artifacts discovered.

These new insights paint a clearer picture of the resilience and ingenuity of the Neolithic people in Saudi Arabia, revealing a sophisticated society capable of adapting and thriving in their environment.